What does the term "environmental justice" refer to?

The term "environmental justice" primarily refers to the fair treatment of all individuals in environmental practices, regardless of race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or other demographic factors. It entails ensuring that all communities have access to clean air, water, and land and that they are equally involved in environmental decisions that affect their lives. This concept emphasizes the need for equitable distribution of environmental benefits and burdens, aiming to prevent marginalized groups from being disproportionately impacted by environmental hazards.

While equal representation in environmental policies may also contribute to achieving environmental justice, the core principle focuses more broadly on the fair treatment aspect. Reducing environmental laws or implementing strict compliance penalties does not align with the goals of environmental justice, as these approaches may not directly address inequality or ensure fairness in the treatment of all communities. The emphasis is on inclusivity and protection of vulnerable populations, thereby making fair treatment the defining principle of environmental justice.